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Cable Health Monitor

Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

In-depth analysis of how internet traffic moves through 705 submarine cable systems, based on real measurements from our probes worldwide.

Learn how it works

Cable in focus 📈 largest 24h deviation
1,031 km · up since 2012 · 2 countries
IndonesiaSingapore
now: a little slower than usual
Tanah Merah → Jakarta 16 ms (vs baseline 72 ms)
Corridors · now vs baseline
Tanah Merah → Jakarta 58 ms (baseline 59)
faster100%slower
48 h vs its own baseline (100)
Open dossier →
Network latency index
For every monitored route the index compares its current round-trip time with that route's own 7-day norm. 100 = traffic moves at its usual speed, 108 = routes run about 8% slower than usual. Every cable weighs the same (now 278 cables, 6,533 routes). Updated hourly. Zones apply the same calculation to the cables serving a region or passing a chokepoint.
99 steady
faster100slower
⚙ Network load now
-0.1% above night floor
usual peak: 21:00 UTC · +9.8%
100 99 22.07 22:00 · 10022.07 23:00 · 10023.07 00:00 · 10023.07 01:00 · 10023.07 02:00 · 10023.07 03:00 · 10023.07 04:00 · 10023.07 05:00 · 10023.07 06:00 · 10023.07 07:00 · 10023.07 08:00 · 10023.07 09:00 · 10023.07 10:00 · 10023.07 11:00 · 10023.07 12:00 · 10023.07 13:00 · 10023.07 14:00 · 10023.07 15:00 · 10023.07 16:00 · 10023.07 17:00 · 10023.07 18:00 · 10023.07 19:00 · 10023.07 20:00 · 9923.07 21:00 · 9923.07 22:00 · 9923.07 23:00 · 9924.07 00:00 · 9924.07 01:00 · 9924.07 02:00 · 9924.07 03:00 · 9924.07 04:00 · 10024.07 05:00 · 10024.07 06:00 · 10024.07 07:00 · 9924.07 08:00 · 10024.07 09:00 · 10024.07 10:00 · 9924.07 11:00 · 9924.07 12:00 · 9924.07 13:00 · 9924.07 14:00 · 9924.07 15:00 · 9924.07 16:00 · 9924.07 17:00 · 9924.07 18:00 · 9924.07 19:00 · 9924.07 20:00 · 9924.07 21:00 · 9924.07 22:00 · 9924.07 23:00 · 9925.07 00:00 · 9925.07 01:00 · 9925.07 02:00 · 9925.07 03:00 · 9925.07 04:00 · 9925.07 05:00 · 9925.07 06:00 · 9925.07 07:00 · 9925.07 08:00 · 9925.07 09:00 · 9925.07 10:00 · 9925.07 11:00 · 9925.07 12:00 · 9925.07 13:00 · 9925.07 14:00 · 9925.07 15:00 · 9925.07 16:00 · 9925.07 17:00 · 9925.07 18:00 · 9925.07 19:00 · 9925.07 20:00 · 9925.07 21:00 · 9925.07 22:00 · 9925.07 23:00 · 9926.07 00:00 · 9926.07 01:00 · 9926.07 02:00 · 9926.07 03:00 · 9926.07 04:00 · 9926.07 05:00 · 9926.07 06:00 · 9926.07 07:00 · 9926.07 08:00 · 9926.07 09:00 · 9926.07 10:00 · 9926.07 11:00 · 9926.07 12:00 · 9926.07 13:00 · 10026.07 14:00 · 10026.07 15:00 · 10026.07 16:00 · 10026.07 17:00 · 10026.07 18:00 · 10026.07 19:00 · 9926.07 20:00 · 9926.07 21:00 · 10026.07 22:00 · 10026.07 23:00 · 10027.07 00:00 · 10027.07 01:00 · 10027.07 02:00 · 10027.07 03:00 · 10027.07 04:00 · 10027.07 05:00 · 10027.07 06:00 · 10027.07 07:00 · 10027.07 08:00 · 10027.07 09:00 · 10027.07 10:00 · 10027.07 11:00 · 10027.07 12:00 · 10027.07 13:00 · 10027.07 14:00 · 10027.07 15:00 · 10027.07 16:00 · 10027.07 17:00 · 10027.07 18:00 · 10027.07 19:00 · 10027.07 20:00 · 10027.07 21:00 · 10027.07 22:00 · 10027.07 23:00 · 9928.07 00:00 · 9928.07 01:00 · 9928.07 02:00 · 9928.07 03:00 · 9928.07 04:00 · 9928.07 05:00 · 9928.07 06:00 · 9928.07 07:00 · 9928.07 08:00 · 9928.07 09:00 · 9928.07 10:00 · 9928.07 11:00 · 9928.07 12:00 · 9928.07 13:00 · 9928.07 14:00 · 9928.07 15:00 · 9928.07 16:00 · 9928.07 17:00 · 9928.07 18:00 · 9928.07 19:00 · 9928.07 20:00 · 9928.07 21:00 · 9928.07 22:00 · 9928.07 23:00 · 9929.07 00:00 · 9929.07 01:00 · 9929.07 02:00 · 9929.07 03:00 · 10029.07 04:00 · 10029.07 05:00 · 10029.07 06:00 · 10029.07 07:00 · 9929.07 08:00 · 9929.07 09:00 · 9929.07 10:00 · 9929.07 11:00 · 9929.07 12:00 · 9929.07 13:00 · 9929.07 14:00 · 9929.07 15:00 · 9929.07 16:00 · 9929.07 17:00 · 9929.07 18:00 · 9929.07 19:00 · 9929.07 20:00 · 9929.07 21:00 · 99
23.0724.0725.0726.0727.0728.0729.07 now
7 days, hourly
1% faster than usual · measured across 6,533 corridors
2,285 checks today · last: Bude → Lannion 28 ms, 1400 s ago
● Network stable · event watch
🌐 earthquake
M5.4event force
VS
slower +7%I-AM Cable

M5.4 earthquake · 11 km N of Tsunagi, Japan

5h ago

On July 29, 2026, a magnitude 5.4 earthquake occurred 11 km north of Tsunagi, Japan. The event was classified at a green alert level, indicating a low likelihood of significant impact. The region is familiar with seismic activity, and local infrastructure is designed to manage such events effectively. Monitoring systems reported no immediate need for heightened response.

Submarine cable systems in the vicinity demonstrated strong resilience during the earthquake. The Korea-Japan Cable Network (KJCN), which connects Fukuoka, Japan (139 km from the epicenter), to South Korea, maintained its average latency of approximately 43 milliseconds during this period. These systems are critical for maintaining seamless connectivity across key international corridors, and their performance underscores the robust engineering behind them. Across the 702 submarine cable systems monitored globally, 2462 latency checks over the past 24 hours confirmed the continued stability of these networks.

Our monitoring remains active, ensuring real-time oversight of submarine cable performance in this and other regions. This vigilance supports the reliable operation of the global communications infrastructure, even in the face of natural events.

See it on the live map →
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Explore the map →
700+ submarine cables, landing points & routes
📡
Watch it live →
Real-time latency, outages & network pulse
📖
Read research →
Deep dives into cables, incidents & geography
Earlier on the networkFull chronicle →
16h 🌐 M4.8 earthquake · 195 km W of Abepura, Indonesia Jul 28 🌐 M6.8 earthquake · 5 km E of Uto, Japan Jul 28 🌐 M5.3 earthquake · 23 km E of Kinablangan, Philippines Jul 27 🌐 M4.9 earthquake · 206 km W of Abepura, Indonesia Jul 27 🌐 M5.4 earthquake · 82 km SSW of San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
● Daily digest

Today on the network

July 29, 2026
2,276checks · 24h
656cables watched
0anomalies
2active alerts
11probes online

July 29, 2026 was a quiet day for GeoCables' network monitoring. With 2276 latency/route checks across 656 submarine cables and no anomalies detected, the overall health of the network remained stable. Despite the two active alerts—Matrix Cable System showing a significant increase in Round Trip Time (RTT) by +124% and Taiwan Strait Express-1 with a warning alert due to increased RTT by +194%—these movements are within normal operational jitter and do not indicate any major issues.

The per-cable signals worth noting today include the Cross-Straits Cable Network (CSCN) showing a notable increase in latency, up 394%, from its seven-day average. This could be due to temporary network conditions or local factors. Other cables like Sihanoukville-Hong Kong (SHV-HK), South Atlantic Cable System (SACS), and Asia Submarine-cable Express (ASE)/Cahaya Malaysia also showed increases, but within a reasonable range of normal variability. The Adria-1 cable, however, saw a significant improvement in latency by 78%, indicating stable performance.

Matrix Cable Systemalert: critical · active (+124% RTT) Taiwan Strait Express-1 (TSE-1)alert: warning · monitoring (+194% RTT) Sihanoukville-Hong Kong (SHV-HK)▲ 202.6ms today vs 41ms 7d-avg (▲394%) South Atlantic Cable System (SACS)▼ 110.4ms today vs 257.8ms 7d-avg (▼57%) Cross-Straits Cable Network (CSCN)▲ 219.3ms today vs 78.5ms 7d-avg (▲179%) Asia Submarine-cable Express (ASE)/Cahaya Malaysia▲ 192.6ms today vs 86.6ms 7d-avg (▲122%) Southeast Asia-Japan Cable (SJC)▲ 196.4ms today vs 140.2ms 7d-avg (▲40%) Asia Pacific Gateway (APG)▲ 217.8ms today vs 162.9ms 7d-avg (▲34%) Adria-1▼ 15ms today vs 68.5ms 7d-avg (▼78%)

Latest Research

View all research →
cable

Magnitude 6 earthquake west of Sola, Vanuatu; submarine cables remain fully operational

A magnitude 6 earthquake struck off the coast of Vanuatu. The submarine cables Tamtam and ICN1 maintained functionality, ensuring stability in regional connectivity.

cable

July 2026 Ionian Sea earthquake disrupts submarine cables near Santa Doménica, Italy

Earthquake magnitude 4.7 near Santa Doménica, Italy, caused anomalies on submarine cables MedNautilus, OTEGLOBE Kokkini-Bari, and Adria-1. Details and monitoring data.

cable

Algeria Wildfire Near Submarine Cables: HANNIBAL System Shows RTT Disruption

The forest fire in Algeria causes anomalies on submarine cables, including the HANNIBAL System. Analysis of indicators and risks.

route

Why Internet Traffic from Moscow to Japan Takes a 5,417 km Detour

Discover how data routes take unexpected detours due to infrastructure and peering.

country

Saint Pierre and Miquelon: One Cable Connecting an Entire Archipelago

An analysis of Saint Pierre and Miquelon's internet connectivity: geography, isolation, submarine cables, and infrastructure risks.

route

Global Internet Routes: Why Traffic Takes the Long Way Around

Discover how internet data from South Africa to Guyana travels through Europe and the US.

cable

7.4 Magnitude Earthquake Strikes Off Mexico; GeoCables Confirms Network Stability

Magnitude 7.4 earthquake off Puerto Madero, Mexico. Submarine cables, including SPCS and AMX-1, withstood the shocks.

cable

Magnitude 6.7 Earthquake in Loyalty Islands: Submarine Cables Stable and Fully Operational

Magnitude 6.7 earthquake off Loyalty Islands on July 13, 2026. How submarine cables Gondwana-2 and Tamtam held up during the event.

Distance Calculator

Resolving locations & calculating...

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fiber ≈ 200k km/s
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📋 Connection Details

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⚠️ Calculated distances may differ from actual cable routes by 5-15% due to seabed terrain, cable landing infrastructure, and network peering points.
705
Submarine Cables
1,932+
Landing Points
258,669
Health Checks
< 1s
Route Calculation
Features
Network infrastructure made visible
Three layers of analysis - from theoretical cable distances to real-world packet measurements.
📊

Smart Cable Routing

Dijkstra-based routing through real submarine cables and landing points from TeleGeography data. Accurate distance multipliers for land and undersea segments.

🌊

Submarine Cable Map

Interactive map showing every cable your data touches - backbone nodes, landing stations, and submarine segments with real geographic coordinates.

🔬

RIPE Atlas Verification

Launch real network measurements from probes worldwide. Compare theoretical estimates with actual RTT and hop-by-hop packet journeys with ISP geolocation.

Latency Estimation

Speed-of-light physics combined with cable distance to estimate latency. See the real-world overhead - how much slower actual routing is vs fiber limits.

🔍

IP & Domain Resolution

Enter cities, IP addresses, or domain names - everything is resolved to coordinates with hosting location identification and optimal cable route.

🗺️

Packet Journey Analysis

Traceroute hops enriched with city, country, ISP. Phases auto-detected: local → ISP → CDN → backbone → submarine cable. Visual RTT timelines.

How It Works
From two points to a complete picture
Three-step analysis reveals the hidden infrastructure connecting any two locations.
1

Enter any two points

City names, IP addresses, or domains. The system resolves coordinates, identifies countries, and determines whether the route crosses oceans.

2

Smart Route calculates the path

A graph algorithm finds the optimal route through landing points and submarine cables with accurate distance multipliers for each segment type.

3

Verify with live measurements

One click launches RIPE Atlas probes for real ping and traceroute. See actual RTT, identify every router, and find where your packet enters submarine cables.

Use Cases
Built for engineers. Useful for everyone.
🏗️

Network Engineers

Validate routing assumptions, estimate latency budgets, troubleshoot unexpected paths.

🎮

Gaming & Low-Latency

Understand your ping. Compare the physical speed limit vs reality for any server.

🏢

CDN & Cloud Planning

Choose optimal PoP locations based on submarine cable topology and landing proximity.

📚

Education & Research

Teach how the physical internet works. Visualize the gap between light speed and real routing.

Submarine Cable Facts
The hidden backbone of the internet
Everything you see online travels through a global network of undersea fiber optic cables. Here's what makes it work.
1.4 million km

Total Cable Length

Over 500 submarine cable systems span the world's oceans, with a combined length of approximately 1.4 million kilometers - enough to circle the Earth 35 times.

99%

Intercontinental Data Share

Submarine cables carry over 99% of intercontinental data traffic. Despite what many people think, satellites handle only a tiny fraction of global internet traffic.

200,000 km/s

Speed of Light in Fiber

Light travels through fiber optic cable at about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. A signal from London to New York takes approximately 28 milliseconds one way.

25 years

Cable Lifespan

Modern submarine cables are designed to last 25 years. Cables are buried in the seabed near shores and laid directly on the ocean floor in deep water, protected by layers of steel and polyethylene.

~8,000m

Deepest Cable Depth

The deepest submarine cables reach the abyssal plains at nearly 8,000 meters. At these depths, cables rest on the ocean floor under enormous pressure, beyond the reach of anchors and fishing gear.

~$1B+

Cost Per Major Cable

Major transoceanic cable projects like 2Africa or PEACE cost over $1 billion. Investment comes from tech giants like Google, Meta, and Microsoft, as well as telecom consortiums.

ℹ️ About GeoCables - Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

How Internet Traffic Routes Through Submarine Cables

GeoCables is a research publication on the physical infrastructure of the global internet. We publish in-depth analyses of how data actually travels between countries - which submarine cables are used, what the measured latency is, and why it differs from the theoretical minimum.

Our research is grounded in real RIPE Atlas measurements collected from five probes we operate in Minsk, Almaty, Tbilisi, Jerusalem, and Sevastopol. We trace specific routes across 705 submarine cable systems and 1,900+ landing points cataloged by TeleGeography, then publish what we find.

Theory vs Reality: Why Measured Latency Matters

Light through fiber travels at ~200,000 km/s - about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. That sets the theoretical floor for round-trip time. In practice, real RTT is 1.5-4× higher due to routing detours, optical amplifiers, protocol processing, peering between networks, and suboptimal path selection. Our research articles document this overhead on specific routes - measuring it, explaining it, and tracing it back to the cables and networks responsible.

Live Cable Monitoring

Real-time health checks from GeoCables measurement servers. Full dashboard →
705
Cables Monitored
2,285
Checks Today
169ms
Avg RTT (24h)
258,669
Total Checks
🔴 South Atlantic Cable System (SACS) 260ms 37-800ms 🔴 Matrix Cable System 185ms 1-380ms 🔴 Southern Cross Cable Network (SCCN) 141ms 0-692ms 🔴 Tata TGN-Pacific 197ms 139-628ms 🔴 JUPITER 211ms 161-738ms 🔴 FASTER 225ms 50-339ms 🔴 NorthStar 228ms 174-311ms 🔴 Bifrost 195ms 62-385ms 🟡 Alaska United West (AU-West) 214ms 173-271ms 🔴 Hawaiki 137ms 0-941ms 🔴 Trans-Pacific Express (TPE) Cable System 226ms 50-342ms 🔴 New Cross Pacific (NCP) Cable System 226ms 50-339ms 🔴 South Atlantic Cable System (SACS) 196ms 45-379ms 🔴 TPU 216ms 32-381ms 🔴 Hawaiki 212ms 202-430ms 🔴 Echo 167ms 12-366ms 🔴 Batam Dumai Melaka (BDM) 48ms 12-132ms 🔴 Ultramar GE 70ms 59-420ms 🟡 Sirius South 55ms 20-116ms 🔴 Malaysia-Cambodia-Thailand (MCT) Cable 66ms 35-243ms 🔴 2Africa 382ms 309-521ms 🟡 Samoa-American Samoa (SAS) 61ms 58-153ms 🟡 Caribbean-Bermuda U.S. (CBUS) 72ms 63-158ms 🔴 Tata TGN-Intra Asia (TGN-IA) 198ms 1-348ms 🔴 Hawaiki Nui 1 128ms 0-332ms 🔴 North-West Cable System 207ms 50-714ms 🔴 Bosun 165ms 18-422ms 🔴 Jakarta-Bangka-Bintan-Batam-Singapore (B3JS) 46ms 16-125ms 🔴 Asia Connect Cable-1 (ACC-1) 200ms 1-350ms 🔴 Darwin-Jakarta-Singapore Cable (DJSC) 200ms 1-349ms
🏆 Cable of the Day
SEA-H2X
Slowest route today: 🟡 610ms from Singapore to Tuas.
⚡ 1.7x above baseline · 22 hops
Overview The SEA-H2X is a submarine cable system spanning 6,000 kilometers, designed to connect key locations in Southeast Asia. Scheduled to be ready...
🚨 Anomaly Detected
Aden-Djibouti
Latency to Aden hit 0ms - 47.3x above baseline (79ms).
📝 Recently Updated: Cable & Landing Point Dossiers
Darwin-Jakarta-Singapore Cable (DJSC) ORCA Palapa Ring Middle · 2,100 km Carnival Submarine Network-1 (CSN-1) · 4,670 km Bogo, Philippines Tata TGN-Pacific · 22,300 km Gemini Bermuda · 1,501 km Golfo Aranci, Italy Hyllestad, Norway N0r5ke Viking · 810 km Cannes, France Gambier Harbour, BC, Canada

Recent Cable Checks

Apollo Bude → Lannion 28ms
Pacific Crossing-1 (PC-1) Ajigaura → Grover Beach 136ms
Q&E North Joss Bay → Ostend 30ms
Baltica Gedser → Kołobrzeg 37ms
RISING 8 Changi North → Tanjung Bemban 7ms
BT-MT-1 Groudle Bay → Silecroft Beach 21ms
Gulf Bridge International Cable System/Middle East North Africa Cable System (GBICS/MENA) Al Daayen → Al Faw 116ms
Germany-Denmark 3 Gedser → Markgrafenheide 25ms

Internet Health (IODA)

Russian Federation 170,863 prefixes NORMAL
India 156,878 prefixes NORMAL
Pakistan 21,049 prefixes NORMAL
United Arab Emirates 22,140 prefixes NORMAL

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a submarine cable?
A submarine cable is a fiber-optic cable laid on the ocean floor to carry telecommunications data between land-based stations. Over 95% of intercontinental internet traffic travels through these cables - they are the physical backbone of the global internet, far more important than satellites for bulk data transfer.
How does GeoCables monitor cable health?
GeoCables operates measurement servers in Minsk, Almaty, Tbilisi, and Jerusalem equipped with RIPE Atlas probes. These servers run continuous ping and traceroute measurements to destinations near cable landing points, comparing real-time RTT (Round Trip Time) against historical baselines. When RTT exceeds 4x the baseline, the system flags an anomaly.
How accurate is the cable distance calculator?
The calculator uses real submarine cable route data from TeleGeography (695 cables, 1,900+ landing points) with a Dijkstra-based routing algorithm. Distances are estimates based on geographic cable paths - actual distances may vary by 5-15% depending on cable slack, seabed terrain, and routing decisions made during cable installation.
Why is real latency higher than the theoretical minimum?
Light travels through fiber at about 200,000 km/s - two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. But real-world RTT is typically 1.5-4x higher than the physical minimum due to optical amplifier processing delays, routing overhead at each network hop, protocol processing, peering between different carriers, and suboptimal path selection by ISPs.
What happens when a submarine cable is cut?
When a cable is severed, internet traffic automatically reroutes through alternative paths via the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Users may experience higher latency but rarely total outages - the internet was designed to route around damage. However, repairs can take weeks to months, requiring specialized cable ships that are in short supply globally.
How many submarine cables exist in the world?
As of 2026, there are approximately 695 submarine cable systems in service or under construction worldwide, spanning over 1.5 million kilometers of ocean floor. GeoCables tracks all of them, with active health monitoring on the most critical routes.

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