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Cable Health Monitor

Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

In-depth analysis of how internet traffic moves through 716 submarine cable systems, based on real measurements from our probes worldwide.

Learn how it works

FRESH FINDING · 3 h ago
6.5 Magnitude Earthquake Near Teluknaga: Submarine Cables Remain Fully Operational
Read the analysis with live chart →
Cable in focus 🌋 in the event zone
660 km · up since 2022 · 1 countries
Greece
now: running normally
Odessa → Agios Sostis 30 ms (vs baseline 34 ms)
Corridors · now vs baseline
Balancer → Agios Sostis 101 ms (baseline 103)
Sydney → Agios Sostis 344 ms (baseline 317)
Odessa → Agios Sostis 35 ms (baseline 34)
faster100%slower
48 h vs its own baseline (100)
Open dossier →
Network latency index
For every monitored route the index compares its current round-trip time with that route's own 7-day norm. 100 = traffic moves at its usual speed, 108 = routes run about 8% slower than usual. Every cable weighs the same (now 302 cables, 8,504 routes). Updated hourly. Zones apply the same calculation to the cables serving a region or passing a chokepoint.
100 steady
faster100slower
⚙ Network load now
+24.2% above night floor
usual peak: 02:00 UTC · +7.6%
100 100 06.09 04:00 · 10406.09 05:00 · 10406.09 06:00 · 10406.09 07:00 · 10406.09 08:00 · 10406.09 09:00 · 10406.09 10:00 · 10406.09 11:00 · 10406.09 12:00 · 10406.09 13:00 · 10406.09 14:00 · 10406.09 15:00 · 10406.09 16:00 · 10406.09 17:00 · 10406.09 18:00 · 10406.09 19:00 · 10406.09 20:00 · 10406.09 21:00 · 10406.09 22:00 · 10406.09 23:00 · 10407.09 00:00 · 10407.09 01:00 · 10407.09 02:00 · 10407.09 03:00 · 10407.09 04:00 · 10407.09 05:00 · 10407.09 06:00 · 10407.09 07:00 · 10407.09 08:00 · 10407.09 09:00 · 10407.09 10:00 · 10407.09 11:00 · 10407.09 12:00 · 10407.09 13:00 · 10407.09 14:00 · 10407.09 15:00 · 10407.09 16:00 · 10407.09 17:00 · 10407.09 18:00 · 10407.09 19:00 · 10407.09 20:00 · 10407.09 21:00 · 10407.09 22:00 · 10407.09 23:00 · 10408.09 00:00 · 10408.09 01:00 · 10408.09 02:00 · 10408.09 03:00 · 10408.09 04:00 · 10408.09 05:00 · 10408.09 06:00 · 10408.09 07:00 · 10408.09 08:00 · 10408.09 09:00 · 10508.09 10:00 · 10508.09 11:00 · 10408.09 12:00 · 10408.09 13:00 · 10408.09 14:00 · 10408.09 15:00 · 10408.09 16:00 · 10408.09 17:00 · 10408.09 18:00 · 10408.09 19:00 · 10408.09 20:00 · 10408.09 21:00 · 10508.09 22:00 · 10508.09 23:00 · 10509.09 00:00 · 10509.09 01:00 · 10509.09 02:00 · 10509.09 03:00 · 10509.09 04:00 · 10509.09 05:00 · 10509.09 06:00 · 10509.09 07:00 · 10509.09 08:00 · 10509.09 09:00 · 10509.09 10:00 · 10509.09 11:00 · 10509.09 12:00 · 10509.09 13:00 · 10509.09 14:00 · 10509.09 15:00 · 10509.09 16:00 · 10509.09 17:00 · 10509.09 18:00 · 10509.09 19:00 · 10509.09 20:00 · 10509.09 21:00 · 10509.09 22:00 · 10509.09 23:00 · 10410.09 00:00 · 10410.09 01:00 · 10410.09 02:00 · 10410.09 03:00 · 10410.09 04:00 · 10410.09 05:00 · 10410.09 06:00 · 10410.09 07:00 · 10410.09 08:00 · 10410.09 09:00 · 10410.09 10:00 · 10410.09 11:00 · 10410.09 12:00 · 10410.09 13:00 · 10410.09 14:00 · 10410.09 15:00 · 10410.09 16:00 · 10410.09 17:00 · 10410.09 18:00 · 10410.09 19:00 · 10410.09 20:00 · 10310.09 21:00 · 10310.09 22:00 · 10410.09 23:00 · 10311.09 00:00 · 10311.09 01:00 · 10311.09 02:00 · 10311.09 03:00 · 10311.09 04:00 · 10311.09 05:00 · 10311.09 06:00 · 10311.09 07:00 · 10311.09 08:00 · 10311.09 09:00 · 10311.09 10:00 · 10311.09 11:00 · 10311.09 12:00 · 10311.09 13:00 · 10311.09 14:00 · 10311.09 15:00 · 10211.09 16:00 · 10211.09 17:00 · 10211.09 18:00 · 10211.09 19:00 · 10211.09 20:00 · 10211.09 21:00 · 10211.09 22:00 · 10211.09 23:00 · 10212.09 00:00 · 10212.09 01:00 · 10112.09 02:00 · 10112.09 03:00 · 10212.09 04:00 · 10112.09 05:00 · 10112.09 06:00 · 10112.09 07:00 · 10112.09 08:00 · 10112.09 09:00 · 10112.09 10:00 · 10012.09 11:00 · 10012.09 12:00 · 10012.09 13:00 · 10012.09 14:00 · 10012.09 15:00 · 10012.09 16:00 · 10012.09 17:00 · 10012.09 18:00 · 10012.09 19:00 · 10012.09 20:00 · 10012.09 21:00 · 10012.09 22:00 · 10012.09 23:00 · 10013.09 00:00 · 10013.09 01:00 · 10013.09 02:00 · 100
07.0908.0909.0910.0911.0912.09 now
7 days, hourly
at the usual level · measured across 8,504 corridors
315 checks today · last: Sao Paulo → Jakarta 355 ms, 31 min ago
● Network stable · event watch
earthquake
Greece
M4.8event force
VS
slower +13%Italy-Greece 1 (IG-1)

M4.8 earthquake · 17 km WSW of Lixoúri, Greece

6h ago
M 4.8magnitude 38.14°N · 20.26°Eepicenter Ionian · 101 kmnearest cable

On September 12, 2026, a magnitude 4.8 earthquake occurred 17 km west-southwest of Lixoúri, Greece. The event was localized near the Ionian Sea and had a moderate magnitude, with potential to affect nearby infrastructure. Local authorities responded promptly to assess any impacts in the region, ensuring public safety and continuity of services.

The submarine cable systems in the vicinity demonstrated robust resilience during and after the seismic activity. The Thetis cable, which connects Kavos, Greece, to regional networks, maintained an average latency of ~184ms over the past week. Similarly, the Adria-1 cable, landing at Corfu, Greece, and facilitating connectivity across the Adriatic, held steady at ~56ms. The Italy-Greece 1 (IG-1) system, linking Aethos, Greece, to Italy, also performed consistently with an average latency of ~77ms. These cables, along with others in the area, continued to carry traffic without interruption, underscoring the reliability of the infrastructure.

Monitoring of these cable systems and their corridors remains active in real time, with 2,696 latency checks conducted over the past 24 hours. The network's stability is continuously observed to ensure reliable global connectivity.

See it on the live map →
Explore the map →
700+ submarine cables, landing points & routes
Watch it live →
Real-time latency, outages & network pulse
Read research →
Deep dives into cables, incidents & geography
Earlier on the networkFull chronicle →
19h M4.7 earthquake · 94 km WNW of Ternate, Indonesia Sep 12 M6.6 earthquake · 115 km NNE of Teluknaga, Indonesia Sep 11 M5.9 earthquake · 253 km ENE of Lospalos, Timor Leste Sep 11 M4.9 earthquake · 69 km N of Isangel, Vanuatu Sep 10 M5.3 earthquake · 83 km E of Lospalos, Timor Leste
● Daily digest

Today on the network

September 12, 2026
2,815checks · 24h
664cables watched
1anomalies ↓
4active alerts
12probes online

September 12, 2026 - GeoCables' network monitoring for today shows overall stability with a total of 2815 latency/route checks across 664 submarine cables. While the day was relatively quiet, there were some notable fluctuations: one anomaly and four active alerts indicate minor variations in performance. The earthquake events around cable regions - M6.6 near Indonesia, M5.9 off Timor Leste, and M5.7 west of Alaska - did not impact our monitored cables directly.

Specifically, the Italy-Libya cable experienced a latency anomaly at 4.86 times its baseline, while the Pishgaman Oman Iran (POI) Network, INDIGO-West, and Asia Connect Cable-1 (ACC-1) all showed warning alerts with significant increases in Round Trip Time (RTT). Additionally, the Jakarta-Bangka-Bintan-Batam-Singapore (B3JS), JAKABARE, Alpal-2, and Oran-Valencia cables exhibited notable changes in latency, but these were within normal operational jitter ranges. The Asia Submarine-cable Express (ASE)/Cahaya Malaysia cable saw a more substantial improvement in performance.

⚠ Italy-Libyalatency anomaly · 4.86× vs 7d-avg (3 checks today) Pishgaman Oman Iran (POI) Networkalert: warning · monitoring (+404% RTT) INDIGO-Westalert: warning · monitoring (+161% RTT) Asia Connect Cable-1 (ACC-1)alert: warning · monitoring (+169% RTT) Jakarta-Bangka-Bintan-Batam-Singapore (B3JS)▼ 48.5ms today vs 226.2ms 7d-avg (▼79%) JAKABARE▲ 227.6ms today vs 110ms 7d-avg (▲107%) Alpal-2▲ 152.7ms today vs 42.8ms 7d-avg (▲257%) Asia Submarine-cable Express (ASE)/Cahaya Malaysia▼ 90ms today vs 197.1ms 7d-avg (▼54%) Oran-Valencia (ORVAL)▲ 118.9ms today vs 24.8ms 7d-avg (▲379%)

Latest Research

View all research →
cable

6.5 Magnitude Earthquake Near Teluknaga: Submarine Cables Remain Fully Operational

The 6.5-magnitude earthquake off the coast of Indonesia did not affect the operation of key submarine cables, including RISING 8, JAKABARE, and Echo.

report

State of the Submarine Cables - August 2026

Monthly report from GeoCables own measurements: 18 cable anomalies detected (4 critical), 441 716 latency measurements across 556 routes. Verdicts, timelines, slowest and fastest observed paths.

cable

Magnitude 5.1 Earthquake Near Guam Causes Anomaly on PPC-1 Submarine Cable

Earthquake of magnitude 5.1 off Guam caused anomalies on submarine cables, including PPC-1. Data analysis and further monitoring.

route

The 9,799 km Digital Detour: Internet Routing from Almaty to Apia

Discover why internet traffic from Kazakhstan to Samoa routed through the US and other countries.

cable

4.6 Magnitude Earthquake Near Katoizi, Greece; Cable Jonah Shows RTT Increase

Analysis of the impact of the September 8, 2026 earthquake in Greece on submarine cables, including Jonah, Adria-1, and others. Anomalies were detected on the Jonah cable.

cable

Forest Fire in Indonesia Disrupts Submarine Cables, Echo and INDIGO-West Affected

The forest fire in Indonesia caused anomalies in the operation of the Echo and INDIGO-West submarine cables. Analysis of data and possible consequences.

route

Why data from Almaty to Candikusuma travels through Moscow

Learn how infrastructure and economics affect internet traffic routes between Kazakhstan and Indonesia.

cable

Forest Fire in Indonesia Disrupts Submarine Cables, Impacting Southeast Asia Connectivity

A forest fire in Indonesia caused anomalies on the submarine cables INDIGO-West, MViSTA, and Echo. Analysis of delays and possible consequences for internet traffic.

Distance Calculator

Resolving locations & calculating...

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Cable Route
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Est. Latency
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fiber ≈ 200k km/s
Route Type
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📋 Connection Details

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Coordinates A-
Coordinates B-
Cable Multiplier-
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Route Details-
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⚠️ Calculated distances may differ from actual cable routes by 5-15% due to seabed terrain, cable landing infrastructure, and network peering points.
716
Submarine Cables
1,941+
Landing Points
368,048
Health Checks
< 1s
Route Calculation
Features
Network infrastructure made visible
Three layers of analysis - from theoretical cable distances to real-world packet measurements.

Smart Cable Routing

Dijkstra-based routing through real submarine cables and landing points from TeleGeography data. Accurate distance multipliers for land and undersea segments.

Submarine Cable Map

Interactive map showing every cable your data touches - backbone nodes, landing stations, and submarine segments with real geographic coordinates.

RIPE Atlas Verification

Launch real network measurements from probes worldwide. Compare theoretical estimates with actual RTT and hop-by-hop packet journeys with ISP geolocation.

Latency Estimation

Speed-of-light physics combined with cable distance to estimate latency. See the real-world overhead - how much slower actual routing is vs fiber limits.

IP & Domain Resolution

Enter cities, IP addresses, or domain names - everything is resolved to coordinates with hosting location identification and optimal cable route.

Packet Journey Analysis

Traceroute hops enriched with city, country, ISP. Phases auto-detected: local → ISP → CDN → backbone → submarine cable. Visual RTT timelines.

How It Works
From two points to a complete picture
Three-step analysis reveals the hidden infrastructure connecting any two locations.
1

Enter any two points

City names, IP addresses, or domains. The system resolves coordinates, identifies countries, and determines whether the route crosses oceans.

2

Smart Route calculates the path

A graph algorithm finds the optimal route through landing points and submarine cables with accurate distance multipliers for each segment type.

3

Verify with live measurements

One click launches RIPE Atlas probes for real ping and traceroute. See actual RTT, identify every router, and find where your packet enters submarine cables.

Use Cases
Built for engineers. Useful for everyone.

Network Engineers

Validate routing assumptions, estimate latency budgets, troubleshoot unexpected paths.

Gaming & Low-Latency

Understand your ping. Compare the physical speed limit vs reality for any server.

CDN & Cloud Planning

Choose optimal PoP locations based on submarine cable topology and landing proximity.

Education & Research

Teach how the physical internet works. Visualize the gap between light speed and real routing.

Submarine Cable Facts
The hidden backbone of the internet
Everything you see online travels through a global network of undersea fiber optic cables. Here's what makes it work.
1.4 million km

Total Cable Length

Over 500 submarine cable systems span the world's oceans, with a combined length of approximately 1.4 million kilometers - enough to circle the Earth 35 times.

99%

Intercontinental Data Share

Submarine cables carry over 99% of intercontinental data traffic. Despite what many people think, satellites handle only a tiny fraction of global internet traffic.

200,000 km/s

Speed of Light in Fiber

Light travels through fiber optic cable at about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. A signal from London to New York takes approximately 28 milliseconds one way.

25 years

Cable Lifespan

Modern submarine cables are designed to last 25 years. Cables are buried in the seabed near shores and laid directly on the ocean floor in deep water, protected by layers of steel and polyethylene.

~8,000m

Deepest Cable Depth

The deepest submarine cables reach the abyssal plains at nearly 8,000 meters. At these depths, cables rest on the ocean floor under enormous pressure, beyond the reach of anchors and fishing gear.

~$1B+

Cost Per Major Cable

Major transoceanic cable projects like 2Africa or PEACE cost over $1 billion. Investment comes from tech giants like Google, Meta, and Microsoft, as well as telecom consortiums.

ℹ️ About GeoCables - Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

How Internet Traffic Routes Through Submarine Cables

GeoCables is a research publication on the physical infrastructure of the global internet. We publish in-depth analyses of how data actually travels between countries - which submarine cables are used, what the measured latency is, and why it differs from the theoretical minimum.

Our research is grounded in real measurements from our own distributed network of measurement servers. We trace specific routes across 716 submarine cable systems and 1,900+ landing points cataloged by TeleGeography, then publish what we find.

Theory vs Reality: Why Measured Latency Matters

Light through fiber travels at ~200,000 km/s - about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. That sets the theoretical floor for round-trip time. In practice, real RTT is 1.5-4× higher due to routing detours, optical amplifiers, protocol processing, peering between networks, and suboptimal path selection. Our research articles document this overhead on specific routes - measuring it, explaining it, and tracing it back to the cables and networks responsible.

Live Cable Monitoring

Real-time health checks from GeoCables measurement servers. Full dashboard →
716
Cables Monitored
315
Checks Today
210ms
Avg RTT (24h)
368,048
Total Checks
🔴 Australia-Singapore Cable (ASC) 358ms 47-802ms 🔴 SMPCS Packet-1 288ms 222-915ms 🔴 Asia Connect Cable-1 (ACC-1) 258ms 163-555ms 🔴 Palapa Ring West 258ms 163-510ms 🔴 INDIGO-West 340ms 47-650ms 🔴 JaKa2LaDeMa 307ms 226-459ms 🔴 Palapa Ring East 302ms 223-426ms 🔴 South Atlantic Cable System (SACS) 112ms 44-625ms 🔴 Bosun 296ms 200-518ms 🔴 2Africa 231ms 154-363ms 🟡 Indonesia Global Gateway (IGG) System 48ms 19-100ms 🔴 SAT-3/WASC 159ms 72-317ms 🔴 Unitel North Submarine Cable (UNSC) 203ms 37-354ms 🔴 West Africa Cable System (WACS) 231ms 154-377ms 🔴 Asia Submarine-cable Express (ASE)/Cahaya Malaysia 201ms 88-344ms 🟡 Proa 50ms 48-136ms 🔴 Djibouti Africa Regional Express 1 (DARE 1) 249ms 68-868ms 🔴 Jakarta-Bangka-Bintan-Batam-Singapore (B3JS) 182ms 16-358ms 🔴 Italy-Libya 77ms 34-388ms 🔴 Hawaiki Nui 1 264ms 0-474ms 🔴 Didon 83ms 25-202ms 🟡 Caribbean-Bermuda U.S. (CBUS) 69ms 62-133ms 🔴 Malaysia-Cambodia-Thailand (MCT) Cable 70ms 36-214ms 🔴 Lake Tanganyika 274ms 80-742ms 🔴 Thetis 185ms 30-696ms 🔴 JaSuKa 295ms 211-612ms 🔴 Asia Africa Europe-1 (AAE-1) 312ms 269-399ms 🔴 EAGLE 151ms 57-323ms 🔴 Tanjung Pandan-Sungai Kakap 311ms 220-745ms 🔴 Jakarta-Bangka-Batam-Singapore (B2JS) 254ms 16-357ms
🏆 Cable of the Day
JaKa2LaDeMa
Slowest route today: 🔴 727ms from Sydney to Banjarmasin.
⚡ 2.6x above baseline · 18 hops
JaKa2LaDeMa: Indonesian Domestic Submarine Cable JaKa2LaDeMa is a submarine cable system owned by Telkom Indonesia, connecting multiple landing point...
🚨 Anomaly Detected
Tata TGN-Intra Asia (TGN-IA)
Latency to Changi North hit 0ms - 5.3x above baseline (109ms).
📝 Recently Updated: Cable & Landing Point Dossiers
Quintillion Subsea Cable Network · 1,900 km Tual, Indonesia Osterby, Denmark Hirara, Japan Gillies Bay, BC, Canada Trans-Caspian Fiber Optic Cable Project · 341 km PanAm South · 1,340 km Paramaribo, Suriname Tonga Domestic Cable Extension (TDCE) · 410 km Asia United Gateway East (AUG East) · 8,900 km Geo-Eirgrid · 187 km Unitel North Submarine Cable (UNSC) · 1,145 km

Recent Cable Checks

Jakarta-Bangka-Batam-Singapore (B2JS) Sao Paulo → Jakarta 355ms
Apricot Tanjung Pakis → Minamiboso 99ms
Guam Okinawa Kyushu Incheon (GOKI) Kitakyushu → Tumon Bay 61ms
UMO Thanlyin → Tuas 47ms
Lanis-1 Blackpool → Port Grenaugh 33ms
Japan-Guam-Australia North (JGA-N) Minamiboso → Piti 152ms
Canalink Asilah → Santa Cruz de La Palma 42ms
EllaLink Sines → Belém 229ms

Internet Health (IODA)

Russian Federation 170,868 prefixes NORMAL
India 155,007 prefixes NORMAL
Pakistan 21,085 prefixes NORMAL
United Arab Emirates 22,151 prefixes NORMAL

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a submarine cable?
A submarine cable is a fiber-optic cable laid on the ocean floor to carry telecommunications data between land-based stations. Over 95% of intercontinental internet traffic travels through these cables - they are the physical backbone of the global internet, far more important than satellites for bulk data transfer.
How does GeoCables monitor cable health?
GeoCables operates its own distributed network of measurement servers, including in regions poorly covered by public measurements. These servers run continuous ping and traceroute measurements to destinations near cable landing points, comparing real-time RTT (Round Trip Time) against historical baselines. When RTT exceeds 4x the baseline, the system flags an anomaly.
How accurate is the cable distance calculator?
The calculator uses real submarine cable route data from TeleGeography (695 cables, 1,900+ landing points) with a Dijkstra-based routing algorithm. Distances are estimates based on geographic cable paths - actual distances may vary by 5-15% depending on cable slack, seabed terrain, and routing decisions made during cable installation.
Why is real latency higher than the theoretical minimum?
Light travels through fiber at about 200,000 km/s - two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. But real-world RTT is typically 1.5-4x higher than the physical minimum due to optical amplifier processing delays, routing overhead at each network hop, protocol processing, peering between different carriers, and suboptimal path selection by ISPs.
What happens when a submarine cable is cut?
When a cable is severed, internet traffic automatically reroutes through alternative paths via the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Users may experience higher latency but rarely total outages - the internet was designed to route around damage. However, repairs can take weeks to months, requiring specialized cable ships that are in short supply globally.
How many submarine cables exist in the world?
As of 2026, there are approximately 695 submarine cable systems in service or under construction worldwide, spanning over 1.5 million kilometers of ocean floor. GeoCables tracks all of them, with active health monitoring on the most critical routes.

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