Home
Explore Cables Locations Map ISP status Shutdowns
Live Live Map Health Latency Deployments by year Pulse Big screen 🖥
Learn Research Guide Methodology
Cable Health Monitor

Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

In-depth analysis of how internet traffic moves through 708 submarine cable systems, based on real measurements from our probes worldwide.

Learn how it works

FRESH FINDING · 12 h ago
Землетрясение M5.1 у берегов Индонезии: влияние на подводные кабели
Read the analysis with live chart →
Cable in focus 🌋 in the event zone
30,500 km · up since 2000 · 4 countries
AustraliaUnited StatesFijiNew Zealand
now: running normally
Sydney → Alexandria 0 ms (vs baseline 0 ms)
Corridors · now vs baseline
Hillsboro → Alexandria 176 ms (baseline 176)
Sydney → Alexandria 0 ms (baseline 0)
Minsk → Alexandria 310 ms (baseline 305)
faster100%slower
Open dossier →
Network latency index
For every monitored route the index compares its current round-trip time with that route's own 7-day norm. 100 = traffic moves at its usual speed, 108 = routes run about 8% slower than usual. Every cable weighs the same (now 254 cables, 4,991 routes). Updated hourly. Zones apply the same calculation to the cables serving a region or passing a chokepoint.
101 ▲ +1
faster100slower
⚙ Network load now
+3.5% above night floor
usual peak: 03:00 UTC · +8.5%
100 101 05.08 13:00 · 10005.08 14:00 · 10005.08 15:00 · 10005.08 16:00 · 10005.08 17:00 · 10005.08 18:00 · 10005.08 19:00 · 10005.08 20:00 · 10005.08 21:00 · 10005.08 22:00 · 10005.08 23:00 · 9906.08 00:00 · 9906.08 01:00 · 9906.08 02:00 · 9906.08 03:00 · 10006.08 04:00 · 9906.08 05:00 · 9906.08 06:00 · 9906.08 07:00 · 9906.08 08:00 · 10006.08 09:00 · 10006.08 10:00 · 9906.08 11:00 · 9906.08 12:00 · 9906.08 13:00 · 9906.08 14:00 · 9906.08 15:00 · 9906.08 16:00 · 9906.08 17:00 · 9906.08 18:00 · 9906.08 19:00 · 9906.08 20:00 · 10006.08 21:00 · 10006.08 22:00 · 10006.08 23:00 · 10007.08 00:00 · 10007.08 01:00 · 10007.08 02:00 · 10007.08 03:00 · 10007.08 04:00 · 10007.08 05:00 · 10007.08 06:00 · 10007.08 07:00 · 10007.08 08:00 · 10007.08 09:00 · 10007.08 10:00 · 10007.08 11:00 · 10007.08 12:00 · 10007.08 13:00 · 10007.08 14:00 · 10007.08 15:00 · 10007.08 16:00 · 10007.08 17:00 · 10007.08 18:00 · 10007.08 19:00 · 10007.08 20:00 · 10007.08 21:00 · 10007.08 22:00 · 10007.08 23:00 · 10008.08 00:00 · 10008.08 01:00 · 10008.08 02:00 · 10008.08 03:00 · 10008.08 04:00 · 10008.08 05:00 · 10008.08 06:00 · 10008.08 07:00 · 10008.08 08:00 · 10008.08 09:00 · 10008.08 10:00 · 10008.08 11:00 · 10008.08 12:00 · 10008.08 13:00 · 10008.08 14:00 · 10008.08 15:00 · 10008.08 16:00 · 10008.08 17:00 · 10008.08 18:00 · 10008.08 19:00 · 10008.08 20:00 · 10008.08 21:00 · 10008.08 22:00 · 9908.08 23:00 · 9909.08 00:00 · 9909.08 01:00 · 9909.08 02:00 · 9909.08 03:00 · 9909.08 04:00 · 9909.08 05:00 · 9909.08 06:00 · 9909.08 07:00 · 9909.08 08:00 · 9909.08 09:00 · 9909.08 10:00 · 9909.08 11:00 · 9909.08 12:00 · 9909.08 13:00 · 9909.08 14:00 · 9909.08 15:00 · 9909.08 16:00 · 9909.08 17:00 · 10009.08 18:00 · 10009.08 19:00 · 10009.08 20:00 · 10009.08 21:00 · 10009.08 22:00 · 10009.08 23:00 · 10010.08 00:00 · 10010.08 01:00 · 10010.08 02:00 · 10010.08 03:00 · 10010.08 04:00 · 10010.08 05:00 · 10010.08 06:00 · 10010.08 07:00 · 10010.08 08:00 · 10010.08 09:00 · 10010.08 10:00 · 10010.08 11:00 · 10010.08 12:00 · 10010.08 13:00 · 10010.08 14:00 · 10010.08 15:00 · 10010.08 16:00 · 10010.08 17:00 · 10010.08 18:00 · 10010.08 19:00 · 10010.08 20:00 · 10010.08 21:00 · 10010.08 22:00 · 10010.08 23:00 · 10011.08 00:00 · 10011.08 01:00 · 10011.08 02:00 · 10011.08 03:00 · 10011.08 04:00 · 10011.08 05:00 · 10011.08 06:00 · 10011.08 07:00 · 10011.08 08:00 · 10011.08 09:00 · 10011.08 10:00 · 10011.08 11:00 · 10111.08 12:00 · 10111.08 13:00 · 10111.08 14:00 · 10111.08 15:00 · 10111.08 16:00 · 10111.08 17:00 · 10111.08 18:00 · 10111.08 19:00 · 10111.08 20:00 · 10011.08 21:00 · 10011.08 22:00 · 10011.08 23:00 · 10012.08 00:00 · 10012.08 01:00 · 10012.08 02:00 · 10112.08 03:00 · 10112.08 04:00 · 10112.08 05:00 · 10112.08 06:00 · 10112.08 07:00 · 10112.08 08:00 · 10112.08 09:00 · 10112.08 10:00 · 10112.08 11:00 · 10112.08 12:00 · 101
06.0807.0808.0809.0810.0811.0812.08 now
7 days, hourly
+1% slower than usual · measured across 4,991 corridors
1,254 checks today · last: Almaty → Claveria 291 ms, 27 min ago
● Network stable · event watch
earthquake
M5.2event force
VS
network heldSouthern Cross Cable Network (SCCN) +2%

M5.2 earthquake · 42 km ESE of Naalehu, Hawaii

6h ago
M 5.2magnitude 18.88°N · 155.23°Wepicenter Hawaiian Islands Fiber Link (HIFL) · 95 kmnearest cable

On August 12, 2026, a magnitude 5.2 earthquake occurred 42 km east-southeast of Naalehu, Hawaii. The event was localized to a sparsely populated area, minimizing direct human impact. Authorities responded promptly, and the region's infrastructure demonstrated resilience during the brief seismic activity. Monitoring systems tracked the event in real time, ensuring situational awareness for critical operations.

Submarine cable systems in the vicinity, including the Southern Cross Cable Network (SCCN) and Honotua, maintained stable performance throughout the event. SCCN, which connects Hawaii to broader Pacific regions and lands at Spencer Beach, Hawaii (141 km from the earthquake), sustained an average latency of ~154ms across 68 checks over the past week. Similarly, Honotua, landing at Kawaihae, Hawaii (144 km from the epicenter), held its baseline latency of ~177ms across 9 checks during the same period. These systems continued to carry traffic seamlessly, underscoring their robustness against seismic disturbances.

Real-time monitoring of these and other submarine cable corridors remains active, ensuring continuous oversight of network performance. The infrastructure's ability to withstand environmental events like this highlights its reliability and the effectiveness of ongoing surveillance efforts.

See it on the live map →
Explore the map →
700+ submarine cables, landing points & routes
Watch it live →
Real-time latency, outages & network pulse
Read research →
Deep dives into cables, incidents & geography
Earlier on the networkFull chronicle →
16h M5 earthquake · 107 km WNW of Kerema, Papua New Guinea 21h M4.8 earthquake · Pulau Pulau Tanimbar, Indonesia Aug 11 M4.6 earthquake · 99 km SSE of Sand Point, Alaska Aug 11 M4.9 earthquake · 103 km SSE of Sand Point, Alaska Aug 10 M7.4 earthquake · 5 km S of San José del Palmar, Colombia
● Daily digest

Today on the network

August 12, 2026
2,355checks · 24h
652cables watched
0anomalies
1active alerts
14probes online

On August 12, 2026, GeoCables reported a calm day with no anomalies detected across its monitored submarine cable network. Over the last 24 hours, 2355 latency/route checks were conducted on 652 cables, reflecting ongoing stable performance. The single active alert for Taiwan Strait Express-1 (TSE-1) indicates some increased latency (+194% RTT), which is worth monitoring but does not suggest a critical issue.

The per-cable signals showed normal jitter and fluctuations. Notably, the Meltingpot Indianoceanic Submarine System (METISS) experienced a decrease of 55.0ms compared to its average over the past week, while other cables like Medusa Submarine Cable System and India Europe Xpress (IEX) saw increases in latency. These changes are within expected ranges for routine network variations and do not indicate any significant disruptions.

Taiwan Strait Express-1 (TSE-1)alert: warning · monitoring (+194% RTT) Meltingpot Indianoceanic Submarine System (METISS)▼ 55ms today vs 183.2ms 7d-avg (▼70%) Medusa Submarine Cable System▲ 178.2ms today vs 132.2ms 7d-avg (▲35%) India Europe Xpress (IEX)▲ 165.3ms today vs 119.5ms 7d-avg (▲38%) JAKABARE▲ 191.1ms today vs 148ms 7d-avg (▲29%) FASTER▼ 170.8ms today vs 211.4ms 7d-avg (▼19%) Japan-Guam-Australia South (JGA-S)▼ 143ms today vs 177.6ms 7d-avg (▼19%) IMEWE▼ 181.6ms today vs 214.5ms 7d-avg (▼15%) Medloop▲ 103.1ms today vs 76.9ms 7d-avg (▲34%)

Latest Research

View all research →
cable

Magnitude 7.4 Earthquake Near San José del Palmar, Colombia; SAC Cable Stable

A 7.4 magnitude earthquake struck near San José-del-Palmar, Colombia. The South American Crossing submarine cable withstood the shock.

cable

Spain Forest Fire Triggers Submarine Cable Anomalies, GeoCables Monitors Network Resilience

The forest fire in Spain caused anomalies on the submarine cables ACE and Maroc Telecom West Africa. Analysis of data and possible risks.

chokepoint

Ras Gharib: Strategic Submarine Cable Hub

Analysis of Ras Ghareb chokepoint: 17 undersea cables, critical risks, and its impact on international connectivity.

route

Why Internet Traffic from Israel to South Africa Detours via London

Traffic between Israel and South Africa routes through London, increasing delays fourfold.

chokepoint

Critical Undersea Cable Hub at Tong Fuk: Challenges and Global Connectivity

A deep dive into Tong Fuk's chokepoint, where 17 undersea cables converge. Explore how geography shapes routes and the impact of a break.

country

Romania's Internet Connectivity: Risks and Isolation

Analysis of Romania's internet infrastructure: submarine cables, isolation risks, and the impact of governance and conflicts.

cable

Magnitude 6 earthquake west of Sola, Vanuatu; submarine cables remain fully operational

A magnitude 6 earthquake struck off the coast of Vanuatu. The submarine cables Tamtam and ICN1 maintained functionality, ensuring stability in regional connectivity.

cable

July 2026 Ionian Sea earthquake disrupts submarine cables near Santa Doménica, Italy

Earthquake magnitude 4.7 near Santa Doménica, Italy, caused anomalies on submarine cables MedNautilus, OTEGLOBE Kokkini-Bari, and Adria-1. Details and monitoring data.

Distance Calculator

Resolving locations & calculating...

Straight-Line
-
Cable Route
-
Est. Latency
-
fiber ≈ 200k km/s
Route Type
-

📋 Connection Details

Point A-
Point B-
Coordinates A-
Coordinates B-
Cable Multiplier-
Crosses Ocean-
Route Details-
Data Source-
Building route...
No calculations yet
-
Route km
-
Hops
-
Est. RTT
-
Type
⚠️ Calculated distances may differ from actual cable routes by 5-15% due to seabed terrain, cable landing infrastructure, and network peering points.
708
Submarine Cables
1,940+
Landing Points
293,147
Health Checks
< 1s
Route Calculation
Features
Network infrastructure made visible
Three layers of analysis - from theoretical cable distances to real-world packet measurements.

Smart Cable Routing

Dijkstra-based routing through real submarine cables and landing points from TeleGeography data. Accurate distance multipliers for land and undersea segments.

Submarine Cable Map

Interactive map showing every cable your data touches - backbone nodes, landing stations, and submarine segments with real geographic coordinates.

RIPE Atlas Verification

Launch real network measurements from probes worldwide. Compare theoretical estimates with actual RTT and hop-by-hop packet journeys with ISP geolocation.

Latency Estimation

Speed-of-light physics combined with cable distance to estimate latency. See the real-world overhead - how much slower actual routing is vs fiber limits.

IP & Domain Resolution

Enter cities, IP addresses, or domain names - everything is resolved to coordinates with hosting location identification and optimal cable route.

Packet Journey Analysis

Traceroute hops enriched with city, country, ISP. Phases auto-detected: local → ISP → CDN → backbone → submarine cable. Visual RTT timelines.

How It Works
From two points to a complete picture
Three-step analysis reveals the hidden infrastructure connecting any two locations.
1

Enter any two points

City names, IP addresses, or domains. The system resolves coordinates, identifies countries, and determines whether the route crosses oceans.

2

Smart Route calculates the path

A graph algorithm finds the optimal route through landing points and submarine cables with accurate distance multipliers for each segment type.

3

Verify with live measurements

One click launches RIPE Atlas probes for real ping and traceroute. See actual RTT, identify every router, and find where your packet enters submarine cables.

Use Cases
Built for engineers. Useful for everyone.

Network Engineers

Validate routing assumptions, estimate latency budgets, troubleshoot unexpected paths.

Gaming & Low-Latency

Understand your ping. Compare the physical speed limit vs reality for any server.

CDN & Cloud Planning

Choose optimal PoP locations based on submarine cable topology and landing proximity.

Education & Research

Teach how the physical internet works. Visualize the gap between light speed and real routing.

Submarine Cable Facts
The hidden backbone of the internet
Everything you see online travels through a global network of undersea fiber optic cables. Here's what makes it work.
1.4 million km

Total Cable Length

Over 500 submarine cable systems span the world's oceans, with a combined length of approximately 1.4 million kilometers - enough to circle the Earth 35 times.

99%

Intercontinental Data Share

Submarine cables carry over 99% of intercontinental data traffic. Despite what many people think, satellites handle only a tiny fraction of global internet traffic.

200,000 km/s

Speed of Light in Fiber

Light travels through fiber optic cable at about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. A signal from London to New York takes approximately 28 milliseconds one way.

25 years

Cable Lifespan

Modern submarine cables are designed to last 25 years. Cables are buried in the seabed near shores and laid directly on the ocean floor in deep water, protected by layers of steel and polyethylene.

~8,000m

Deepest Cable Depth

The deepest submarine cables reach the abyssal plains at nearly 8,000 meters. At these depths, cables rest on the ocean floor under enormous pressure, beyond the reach of anchors and fishing gear.

~$1B+

Cost Per Major Cable

Major transoceanic cable projects like 2Africa or PEACE cost over $1 billion. Investment comes from tech giants like Google, Meta, and Microsoft, as well as telecom consortiums.

ℹ️ About GeoCables - Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

How Internet Traffic Routes Through Submarine Cables

GeoCables is a research publication on the physical infrastructure of the global internet. We publish in-depth analyses of how data actually travels between countries - which submarine cables are used, what the measured latency is, and why it differs from the theoretical minimum.

Our research is grounded in real RIPE Atlas measurements collected from five probes we operate in Minsk, Almaty, Tbilisi, Jerusalem, and Sevastopol. We trace specific routes across 708 submarine cable systems and 1,900+ landing points cataloged by TeleGeography, then publish what we find.

Theory vs Reality: Why Measured Latency Matters

Light through fiber travels at ~200,000 km/s - about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. That sets the theoretical floor for round-trip time. In practice, real RTT is 1.5-4× higher due to routing detours, optical amplifiers, protocol processing, peering between networks, and suboptimal path selection. Our research articles document this overhead on specific routes - measuring it, explaining it, and tracing it back to the cables and networks responsible.

Live Cable Monitoring

Real-time health checks from GeoCables measurement servers. Full dashboard →
708
Cables Monitored
1,254
Checks Today
150ms
Avg RTT (24h)
293,147
Total Checks
🔴 Matrix Cable System 191ms 1-419ms 🔴 South Atlantic Cable System (SACS) 114ms 44-528ms 🔴 2Africa 228ms 154-372ms 🔴 Lake Tanganyika 251ms 86-456ms 🔴 West Africa Cable System (WACS) 228ms 155-372ms 🔴 SAT-3/WASC 150ms 75-584ms 🔴 TPU 216ms 33-357ms 🔴 Jakarta-Bangka-Bintan-Batam-Singapore (B3JS) 83ms 12-394ms 🔴 PGASCOM 94ms 21-394ms 🔴 SEAX-1 66ms 11-297ms 🔴 Batam Dumai Melaka (BDM) 77ms 10-293ms 🟡 ORCA 210ms 167-262ms 🔴 Echo 171ms 12-422ms 🔴 Malaysia-Cambodia-Thailand (MCT) Cable 74ms 31-210ms 🔴 Southern Cross Cable Network (SCCN) 153ms 0-337ms 🔴 T3 202ms 22-432ms 🔴 Meltingpot Indianoceanic Submarine System (METISS) 153ms 49-396ms 🔴 Djibouti Africa Regional Express 1 (DARE 1) 238ms 68-421ms 🔴 Hawaiki Nui 1 145ms 0-347ms 🔴 Project Waterworth 225ms 22-425ms 🔴 Umoja 232ms 22-783ms 🔴 India Asia Xpress (IAX) 109ms 67-461ms 🔴 Alaska United West (AU-West) 217ms 180-369ms 🔴 Trans-Caspian Fiber Optic Cable Project 141ms 63-321ms 🔴 Bifrost 198ms 62-377ms 🔴 Japan-Guam-Australia South (JGA-S) 145ms 0-340ms 🔴 Unitel North Submarine Cable (UNSC) 209ms 37-378ms 🔴 Tabua 143ms 0-340ms 🔴 JAKABARE 187ms 1-350ms 🔴 Tata TGN-Pacific 201ms 138-245ms
🏆 Cable of the Day
Manatua
Slowest route today: 🟢 624ms from To'ahotu to Apia. · 25 hops
Overview Manatua is a submarine cable system spanning 3,634 km across the central South Pacific Ocean. It connects four island nations - Cook Islands,...
🚨 Anomaly Detected
Trans-Caspian Fiber Optic Cable Project
Latency to Aktau hit 0ms - 8.1x above baseline (352ms).
📝 Recently Updated: Cable & Landing Point Dossiers
Far East Submarine Cable System · 1,855 km Bandon, OR, United States Greve de Lecq, Jersey Pan-American Crossing (PAC) · 10,000 km Columbus-II b · 2,068 km Udo, South Korea St. Pierre and Miquelon Cable · 200 km Apollo · 13,000 km Mataram, Indonesia Wilhelmshaven, Germany Trondheim, Norway Toweli, Indonesia

Recent Cable Checks

TPU Almaty → Claveria 291ms
ORCA Cape Town → Hermosa Beach 244ms
Echo Singapore → Tanjung Pakis 12ms
Japan-Guam-Australia South (JGA-S) Minsk → Brookvale 328ms
Tabua Sydney → Sydney 0ms
Unitel North Submarine Cable (UNSC) Sydney → N'zeto 368ms
GO-1 Mediterranean Cable System Mazara del Vallo → St. Paul's Bay 62ms
Yellow Bellport → Bude 73ms

Internet Health (IODA)

Russian Federation 170,943 prefixes NORMAL
India 155,704 prefixes NORMAL
Pakistan 21,039 prefixes NORMAL
United Arab Emirates 22,158 prefixes NORMAL

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a submarine cable?
A submarine cable is a fiber-optic cable laid on the ocean floor to carry telecommunications data between land-based stations. Over 95% of intercontinental internet traffic travels through these cables - they are the physical backbone of the global internet, far more important than satellites for bulk data transfer.
How does GeoCables monitor cable health?
GeoCables operates measurement servers in Minsk, Almaty, Tbilisi, and Jerusalem equipped with RIPE Atlas probes. These servers run continuous ping and traceroute measurements to destinations near cable landing points, comparing real-time RTT (Round Trip Time) against historical baselines. When RTT exceeds 4x the baseline, the system flags an anomaly.
How accurate is the cable distance calculator?
The calculator uses real submarine cable route data from TeleGeography (695 cables, 1,900+ landing points) with a Dijkstra-based routing algorithm. Distances are estimates based on geographic cable paths - actual distances may vary by 5-15% depending on cable slack, seabed terrain, and routing decisions made during cable installation.
Why is real latency higher than the theoretical minimum?
Light travels through fiber at about 200,000 km/s - two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. But real-world RTT is typically 1.5-4x higher than the physical minimum due to optical amplifier processing delays, routing overhead at each network hop, protocol processing, peering between different carriers, and suboptimal path selection by ISPs.
What happens when a submarine cable is cut?
When a cable is severed, internet traffic automatically reroutes through alternative paths via the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Users may experience higher latency but rarely total outages - the internet was designed to route around damage. However, repairs can take weeks to months, requiring specialized cable ships that are in short supply globally.
How many submarine cables exist in the world?
As of 2026, there are approximately 695 submarine cable systems in service or under construction worldwide, spanning over 1.5 million kilometers of ocean floor. GeoCables tracks all of them, with active health monitoring on the most critical routes.

🌐 Log In

Access your routes, favorites, and API key

Create account Forgot password?

Cable Route